Library Guides: Cite Data and Statistics: How to Cite Data and Statistics (2024)

Unless otherwise noted, the basic elements and guidelines described here are fromthe Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition (McHenry Reference Desk BF 76.7 .P83 2010). You may also wish to consult the Purdue OWLor How to Cite Data from Michigan State University for MLA examples and explanations.

Notes:

1. Include format type in brackets [ ] to describe format, not title information (e.g. data set, data file and codebook). [See APA guidelines for "Nonroutine information in titles" (pp. 186)]

2. Use “Available from” if the URL or DOI points you to a website or information on how to obtain or download data at a general site that houses data sets. Use “Retrieved from” if the URL or DOI takes you directly to the data table or database. (APA Style Manual, 2001 ed., pp.281orPurdue OWL Electronic Sources: Data Sets)

I. Data sets:

Basic Elements:[Follow APA guidelines for "Data set" (pp. 210-211) or online from MSU]

Author/Rightsholder, A. A. (Year). Title of publication or data set(Version number if available)[Data File]. Retrieved from (or available from) http://xxxx

The title of the data set should be italicized unless the data set is included as part of a larger work or volume

Example:

The World Bank, World Development Indicators (2012). GNI per capita, Atlas method [Data file]. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD

Example ofTable generated from an interactive data set:

Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce (2013).U.S. Direct Investment Abroad, All U.S. Parent Companies 2009-2010. [Data file]. Available from BEA.gov/iTable

II. Table from a publication

Basic Elements: [Follow APA guidelines for "entry in a reference work" (p. 205)]

Author. (Year). Title of entry. In Editor (Edition),Title of publication(pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http:// OR Location: Publisher OR doi:xxxx.

Example: (Note: Editor & Edition elements are not applicable in this example)

World Trade Organization. (2012). Table I.3:World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services byregion and selected economy, 2005-2011. In International Trade Statistics, 2012(p. 22). Retrieved from:http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2012_e/its12_toc_e.htm

The title of the data set should be italicized unless the data set is included as part of a larger work or volume, as in the example above.

Library Guides: Cite Data and Statistics: How to Cite Data and Statistics (2024)

FAQs

Library Guides: Cite Data and Statistics: How to Cite Data and Statistics? ›

Use the author's last name and the publication year for in-text citations. Generally, type the author's last name followed by a comma and the year of publication in parentheses at the end of any sentence in which you quote or paraphrase the statistical document.

How do you cite statistics in a sentence? ›

Use the author's last name and the publication year for in-text citations. Generally, type the author's last name followed by a comma and the year of publication in parentheses at the end of any sentence in which you quote or paraphrase the statistical document.

How do you cite statistics in APA? ›

If you are citing existing data or statistics, cite the publication in which the data were published (e.g., a journal article, report, or webpage) rather than the data set itself. The date in the reference is the year of publication for the version of the data used. Provide the title of the data set in italics.

Do you need to quote statistics? ›

Any time you use facts, statistics, dates, or unoriginal information, you should cite the source. It is particularly important to build your arguments from reliable sources.

What citation style to use for statistics? ›

Citation Style Recommendation

Unlike many other disciplines, Math & Statistics don't have a SINGLE accepted way of citing resources. Ask your professor if s/he has a preferred bibliographic style before submitting a paper. Some faculty have no preference, as long as your sources are cited completely and correctly.

What is an example of the use of statistics? ›

Statistics can be used in real life to plan budgets, determine the best routes to travel, find the best prices for products bought and sold, and the best times to perform various daily activities.

What is statistic data in statistics? ›

Data are individual pieces of factual information recorded and used for the purpose of analysis. It is the raw information from which statistics are created. Statistics are the results of data analysis - its interpretation and presentation.

How do you reference a data table? ›

All figures and tables must be mentioned in the text (a "callout") by their number. Do not refer to the table/figure using either "the table above" or "the figure below." Assign table/figure # in the order as it appears, numbered consecutively, in your paper - not the figure # assigned to it in its original resource.

Should you paraphrase a statistic? ›

However, as long as you use your own sentence structure and avoid using the same unique phrasing as the original source, you can use the statistic without needing to reword it. I could paraphrase it like this: U.S. universities reported that 5,522,194 students were taking online courses (NCES, 2016).

What doesn't need to be cited? ›

Your own work that has not been previously published or submitted elsewhere does not need to be cited. In general, if it's your words, your opinion, your photo, or your graph, of course, you don't need to cite it.

How do you cite statistical data in MLA? ›

MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition): Statistics

Author. "Title of Data Set." Website Name, Day Month Year Posted or Last Updated, URL. Accessed Day Month Year viewed (optional, add if there is no upload/publication date), File Type format.

How do you cite data in MLA? ›

Author, Title of dataset (Place: Publisher, Year), URL/DOI. Example: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2020 National Census of Ferry Operators (Washington DC: United States Department of Transportation, 2022), https://www.bts.gov/NCFO.

How do you cite a data report in MLA? ›

Author. Title of Report. Publisher, date. Title of Database/Website, DOI or URL.

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