The main economic performance of a country can be seen from its gross domestic product. In other words, the total quantity of all goods and services sold within Indonesia minus intermediate consumption. Worldwide gross domestic product in 2022 was at about 12,703 USD per capita. GDP in Indonesia, on the other hand, reached USD 4,788 per capita, or 1.319 trillion USD for the whole country. Indonesia is therefore one of the world's largest economies and is currently at rank 17.
Inflation in Indonesia in 2022 was around 4.21%. Within the EU, the average in the same year was 8.83 percent. In the United States, it was most recently 8.00%.
The index for perceived corruption in the public sector is 34, which is below average by global standards.
Back to overview: Indonesia
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
The consequences of the COVID pandemic were not insignificant in Indonesia 2020. Overall, gross domestic product in 2020 fell from 1.119 trillion US dollars to 1.059 trillion US dollars. With a drop of 5.4 percent, the economy in Indonesia suffered more significant losses than other countries. The tourism sector alone slumped by around 81 percent. The unemployment rate rose from 3.6 to 4.3 percent. The country's gross debt increased by 20.6 percent. The inflation rate fell from 3.0 percent previously to 1.9 percent by the end of 2020.
There was already a recovery in 2021 and gross domestic product rose to 1.187 trillion (=106.0% of 2019).
Income and purchasing power
The average monthly income in Indonesia is 382 per capita. In the USA, the figure is 6,398 . However, the prices of consumer goods are also around 66.9 percent lower than in the USA. If you compare income and price levels, the result is a more expensive life in Indonesia than in the United States. The bottom line is that the costs do not offset the lower income, and you get about 82.0 percent less.
However, it is also important to remember that this is a purely statistical model. Both the labor output and the type and quality of the goods received always correspond to the national average on both sides of the equation - so they do not necessarily have to match. Here you can also find an international comparison of cost of living and purchasing power.
Economic performance 2022
| Indicator | Indonesia Total | Indonesia per capita | EU Total | EU per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | 1.319 tn USD | 4,788.00 USD | 16.746 tn USD | 32,558.54 USD |
| Gross national product | 1.261 tn USD | 4,576.77 USD | 17.950 tn USD | 34,898.47 USD |
In the Global Innovation Index, Indonesia ranked 75th in 2022 with 27.9 points. The index is calculated annually by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and most recently included 132 countries. The top country was Switzerland with 64.6 points. Out of the 2,000 largest listed companies in the world, 8 originate from Indonesia. This is determined annually in the Forbes Global 2000 list. The 8 largest companies in the country in 2023 were:
Rank 308: Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI)
Rank 418: Bank Mandiri
Rank 462: Bank Central Asia
Rank 788: Telkom Indonesia
Rank 931: Bank Negara Indonesia
Rank 984: Bayan Resources
Rank 1393: Adaro Energy
Rank 1572: PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero)
Development of gross domestic product in billions of USD 1970 - 2022
Largest industries
- Petroleum and natural gas
- Textiles
- Automotive
- Electrical appliances
- Apparel
- Footwear
- Mining
- Cement
- Medical instruments and appliances
- Handicrafts
- Chemical fertilizers
- Plywood
- Rubber
- Processed food
- Jewelry
- Tourism
Imports and Exports 2022
| Indicator | Indonesia Total | Indonesia per capita | EU Total | EU per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imports | 273.25 bn USD | 991.82 USD | 9.114 tn USD | 17,719.26 USD |
| Exports | 315.58 bn USD | 1,145.49 USD | 9.446 tn USD | 18,365.45 USD |
Development of imports and exports in billions of USD 1981 - 2022
Exports
Imports
National debt in Indonesia
General government debt of Indonesia refers to the debts of the state, their states and municipalities, and also of public sector institutions such as social security funds.
The government debt in the period from 2000 to 2022 was between 118.3 billion and 526.8 billion USD. The highest level of the last years at 527 billion US Dollar was reached in 2022.
Based on the number of inhabitants, this is a debt of 1,912 USD per person. For comparison, the average debt per person in the same year in the European Union was 32,825 USD.
› Development of inflation
› Corruption in Indonesia
› Cost of living in a global comparison
Public debt of the last 22 years in billions of USD
| Year | Indonesia total | % of GDP | per capita | EU per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 144.29 bn USD | 87.44% | 682 USD | 10,340 USD |
| 2001 | 118.25 bn USD | 73.70% | 551 USD | 10,418 USD |
| 2002 | 121.97 bn USD | 62.34% | 561 USD | 11,378 USD |
| 2003 | 130.63 bn USD | 55.64% | 593 USD | 14,158 USD |
| 2004 | 131.83 bn USD | 51.33% | 590 USD | 16,171 USD |
| 2005 | 121.81 bn USD | 42.61% | 538 USD | 16,933 USD |
| 2006 | 130.69 bn USD | 35.85% | 570 USD | 17,564 USD |
| 2007 | 164.77 bn USD | 38.12% | 709 USD | 19,589 USD |
| 2008 | 154.35 bn USD | 30.25% | 656 USD | 22,736 USD |
| 2009 | 142.90 bn USD | 26.48% | 599 USD | 23,716 USD |
| 2010 | 199.07 bn USD | 26.36% | 823 USD | 25,161 USD |
| 2011 | 206.33 bn USD | 23.11% | 842 USD | 28,335 USD |
| 2012 | 210.69 bn USD | 22.95% | 848 USD | 27,778 USD |
| 2013 | 227.08 bn USD | 24.88% | 902 USD | 30,051 USD |
| 2014 | 219.87 bn USD | 24.68% | 862 USD | 30,852 USD |
| 2015 | 232.55 bn USD | 27.01% | 898 USD | 26,185 USD |
| 2016 | 260.51 bn USD | 27.96% | 995 USD | 26,687 USD |
| 2017 | 298.55 bn USD | 29.40% | 1,129 USD | 27,566 USD |
| 2018 | 317.09 bn USD | 30.42% | 1,187 USD | 29,191 USD |
| 2019 | 342.04 bn USD | 30.56% | 1,269 USD | 27,950 USD |
| 2020 | 420.94 bn USD | 39.75% | 1,548 USD | 32,274 USD |
| 2021 | 488.13 bn USD | 41.14% | 1,783 USD | 35,521 USD |
| 2022 | 526.77 bn USD | 39.93% | 1,912 USD | 32,825 USD |
Comparison of gross debt per capita with the European Union in U.S. dollars
European Union
Indonesia
Unemployment rates in percentages 1991 - 2022
The unemployment rates according to the ILOSTAT estimates used here do not always correspond to the official government figures. Instead, they are based on a harmonized procedure to compensate for different unemployment criteria and make them comparable across countries. Further information and an international comparison can be found here.
